The Camera Obscura was the first evolution of photography in Europe. Camera Obscura is a room or a box with no windows only a tiny hole fitted with lens, it projected the image on the outside wall to the far inside of the wall. Portable versions were available in the 1660's.
DAGUERRO TYPE
Daguerro type was one the first forms of photography. The picture was fixed onto a silver plate. It was done by a chemical reaction between silver, iodine an a mercury vapour then "fixed" with a salt soultion.
CALOTYPE/TALBOTYPE
In 1835 William Henry Fox Talbot invented the Calotype/Talbotype camera. It was able to produce multiple copies of a single image. it produced a negative on paper treated with silver.
COLLODIAN WETPLATE
Frederick Scott Archer invented this camera in 1851. In order for this camera to work the plate had to be dipped into a silver nitrate solution, inserted into the camera and exposed. The photo would have to be taken immediately and allowed to dry.